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. Such high-quality pkn%2Å‚xu can only beacquired by Yogis and Sadhus. 46 Shanmukavelu concludes, I must frankly admitthat the success of muppu depends largely upon what quality of puneer we get, apessimistic estimation given the elusiveness of pkn%2Å‚xu.47The conditions in which pkn%2Å‚xu might be acquired are numerous and ephem-eral.The physical location is uncertain, but it is clear that pkn%2Å‚xu will only growin a particular type of soil.The time is very specific, just between dawn and sun-rise.Its appearance is of a somewhat extraordinary crystallization on the earth.Furthermore, there are hundreds of different names given for pkn%2Å‚xu in the pre-modern texts.The problem is both too little information and too much.If onesearches the corpus of available siddhar texts and catalogues for the qualities ofpkn%2Å‚xu in all its names, the list would be extremely long and certainly contradic-tory, effectively nullifying the possibility of gleaning precise knowledge.Here wefind continuity between premodern and modern Tamil medical discourse, in thatboth posit the extraordinary just beyond the limits of knowledge and accessibility,whether on ancient island called Lemuria or in a unknown place called PMm.This recognition of the difficulty of producing muppu, and the lack of any clearexposition of its manufacture, does not prevent many vaidyas from attempting toformulate it.In my interview with him in 2007, Kundrathur Ramamurthy, practic-ing on the outskirts of Chennai, blamed his failed efforts to produce muppu on thelack of sharing of knowledge among practitioners today. I ve put a lot of effortinto preparing muppu.The problem is, those who have made it don t show us.They keep it inside and we can t do anything.Those who have done it should showus.If not, there s no way to know.It s a difficult process. In his February 9, 1991,speech at a meeting of the Kerala Siddha Sangam, Dr.Edison spoke of the necessityof manufacturing muppu powder (muppu cuõõam), announcing: I have planneda scheme for our preparing muppu cuõõam in our ashram.If everyone will share,we can prepare the muppu cuõõam required. 48 The potential that muppu mightbe prepared, and the promise offered by its successful completion, overshadow thereality of failed attempts at production.Devasahayam, a siddha vaidya who runsa medical shop, states: We have not prepared muppu.But we are not without the secrecy, hereditary education, and immortality 165thought of doing preparation of muppu.Yes, we have made some attempts to pre-pare it.If there is muppu, it is said that people will be without even gray hair andwrinkles.There will be no gray hair and wrinkles.No cancer.Now the AIDS whichis here, they say that if there is muppu, treatment can be given to all. 49Although no one seems to know how to make muppu, everyone knows whatit can do.The absence of muppu, and the elusiveness of a precise recipe for its for-mulation, is balanced by its overwhelming presence in siddha medical discourse,and by a clear sense of all that it will offer.When these contemporary vaidyasdescribe muppu s effectiveness, they continue a tradition evidenced by the siddhartexts, which also imbue muppu with great power: the body will become as hardas a diamond, camphor-scented, and golden in color.50 One will become strongand beautiful, gray hair and wrinkles will vanish, and the word eman [the god ofÉdeath] will itself die. 51 One will have the power to chase away ghosts (py), evilspirits (piccu), and demons (pktam), and bring all wealth under one s control.52More recently, muppu has been touted as a cure for AIDS, cancer, asthma, and allother chronic illnesses that biomedicine cannot effectively cure.Although it is the extravagance of the claims for muppu that captures theimagination of siddha practitioners, it is the secrecy in which it is shrouded thatenables them to hold out hope for its future manufacture.As A.Shanmuga Velanparaphrases Paracelsus, No science can be deservedly held in contempt by one53who knows nothing about it. What is true for science is true for specific medi-cines.The fact that no one has ever seen muppu, and that no one has achieved theimmortality it bestows, does not deter those who pronounce its position at the apexof the world s medical preparations, and thereby assert the preeminence of siddhamedical knowledge of which muppu is the greatest achievement [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]
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. Such high-quality pkn%2Å‚xu can only beacquired by Yogis and Sadhus. 46 Shanmukavelu concludes, I must frankly admitthat the success of muppu depends largely upon what quality of puneer we get, apessimistic estimation given the elusiveness of pkn%2Å‚xu.47The conditions in which pkn%2Å‚xu might be acquired are numerous and ephem-eral.The physical location is uncertain, but it is clear that pkn%2Å‚xu will only growin a particular type of soil.The time is very specific, just between dawn and sun-rise.Its appearance is of a somewhat extraordinary crystallization on the earth.Furthermore, there are hundreds of different names given for pkn%2Å‚xu in the pre-modern texts.The problem is both too little information and too much.If onesearches the corpus of available siddhar texts and catalogues for the qualities ofpkn%2Å‚xu in all its names, the list would be extremely long and certainly contradic-tory, effectively nullifying the possibility of gleaning precise knowledge.Here wefind continuity between premodern and modern Tamil medical discourse, in thatboth posit the extraordinary just beyond the limits of knowledge and accessibility,whether on ancient island called Lemuria or in a unknown place called PMm.This recognition of the difficulty of producing muppu, and the lack of any clearexposition of its manufacture, does not prevent many vaidyas from attempting toformulate it.In my interview with him in 2007, Kundrathur Ramamurthy, practic-ing on the outskirts of Chennai, blamed his failed efforts to produce muppu on thelack of sharing of knowledge among practitioners today. I ve put a lot of effortinto preparing muppu.The problem is, those who have made it don t show us.They keep it inside and we can t do anything.Those who have done it should showus.If not, there s no way to know.It s a difficult process. In his February 9, 1991,speech at a meeting of the Kerala Siddha Sangam, Dr.Edison spoke of the necessityof manufacturing muppu powder (muppu cuõõam), announcing: I have planneda scheme for our preparing muppu cuõõam in our ashram.If everyone will share,we can prepare the muppu cuõõam required. 48 The potential that muppu mightbe prepared, and the promise offered by its successful completion, overshadow thereality of failed attempts at production.Devasahayam, a siddha vaidya who runsa medical shop, states: We have not prepared muppu.But we are not without the secrecy, hereditary education, and immortality 165thought of doing preparation of muppu.Yes, we have made some attempts to pre-pare it.If there is muppu, it is said that people will be without even gray hair andwrinkles.There will be no gray hair and wrinkles.No cancer.Now the AIDS whichis here, they say that if there is muppu, treatment can be given to all. 49Although no one seems to know how to make muppu, everyone knows whatit can do.The absence of muppu, and the elusiveness of a precise recipe for its for-mulation, is balanced by its overwhelming presence in siddha medical discourse,and by a clear sense of all that it will offer.When these contemporary vaidyasdescribe muppu s effectiveness, they continue a tradition evidenced by the siddhartexts, which also imbue muppu with great power: the body will become as hardas a diamond, camphor-scented, and golden in color.50 One will become strongand beautiful, gray hair and wrinkles will vanish, and the word eman [the god ofÉdeath] will itself die. 51 One will have the power to chase away ghosts (py), evilspirits (piccu), and demons (pktam), and bring all wealth under one s control.52More recently, muppu has been touted as a cure for AIDS, cancer, asthma, and allother chronic illnesses that biomedicine cannot effectively cure.Although it is the extravagance of the claims for muppu that captures theimagination of siddha practitioners, it is the secrecy in which it is shrouded thatenables them to hold out hope for its future manufacture.As A.Shanmuga Velanparaphrases Paracelsus, No science can be deservedly held in contempt by one53who knows nothing about it. What is true for science is true for specific medi-cines.The fact that no one has ever seen muppu, and that no one has achieved theimmortality it bestows, does not deter those who pronounce its position at the apexof the world s medical preparations, and thereby assert the preeminence of siddhamedical knowledge of which muppu is the greatest achievement [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]