[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
.Washington, public champion of a tradi-tional approach to economic success through self-help.He was the first blackman to be so honored, and Harvard s action was widely praised.Washingtonwas unlikely to be turned away from a hotel under the Jim Crow laws; instead,his stays in prominent urban hotels made the society columns of major news-papers.His e"orts to educate African Americans into prosperity drew thesupport of Americans from Julia Ward Howe, who o"ered her speakingservices to raise money for Tuskegee, to Andrew Carnegie, who provided$20,000 for a Tuskegee Library.""Unwelcome in the nation were those who seemed to reject the middle-class worldview and to want government support without having to work.Mainstream Americans had come to believe that African Americans whoinsisted on voting and civil rights had been pushed forward by demagogicpoliticians much too fast.Rather than slowly working their way up to propertyownership and the corresponding interest it would give them in proper gov-ernment, it seemed to opponents that they had been given government powerbefore they understood that property must be protected for the Americansystem to work.In 1896, planter s daughter Elizabeth Allston Pringle re-purchased her family s antebellum plantation home, sold immediately afterthe war to pay debts, and began a dual career as a rice planter and a writer.Unable to see the systematic economic advantages that permitted her to re-possess her plantation while those actually working it remained landless,Pringle wrote columns for the New York Sun under the pen name Pa-tience Pennington, painting a racist picture of lazy, conniving, and stupidblack workers whose childishness she patiently tolerated.In Harper s Weekly, asouthern woman denigrated African Americans desire for education by as-serting that in Atlanta 600 African American children who had tried to enterpublic schools were homeless, abandoned by their parents an outrageousclaim, even on the face of it. What the negroes need is not education, notvoting privileges, she wrote, but father, mothers, homes. Blaming those who thought they were working for the good of the negroes, she insistedthat the way to make them good citizens is to encourage them to buy homesand farms.Let them become tax-payers as well as voters.Representationwithout taxation is worse than taxation without representation. "ÀIn 1896, the Supreme Court handed down a decision of great historicalimport, although it was barely noted at the time.On May 19, 1896, the middleof the page-three court column in the New York Times read: Homer AdolphPlessy vs.J.H.Ferguson, Judge, &c. In error to the Supreme Court of The Final Contest e"`"e"Louisiana.Judgement aH"rmed, with costs. This was all the newspaper hadto say about the Plessy v.Ferguson decision declaring legal the policy of separate but equal accommodations that segregated the South until the latetwentieth century.The Supreme Court had blessed the idea that hardwork-ing Americans must be protected from those who might insist on governmentprotection for rights they had not earned.The reality of this construction ofAmerican ideals, though, belied its rationale.Under the separate but equaldoctrine, Pringle, who had never hoed a day, could visit hotels o" limits tothose who actually worked her fields.And, by its very definition, the patternwas unassailable.The act of agitating for civil rights indicated a person wasunworthy of them, making it impossible to challenge increasing segregationand discrimination."+"This same pattern was true for Indians.Well known and respected, hon-ored with a visit by British Ambassador Lord Bryce, Quanah was friends withCharles Goodnight and within years would be hosting a wolf hunt for Theo-dore Roosevelt.Things were not so comfortable for Geronimo, who had beenforced onto the white man s road. After keeping him imprisoned at hardlabor for eight years, the War Department gave him special permission in1894 to sell photographs of himself at fairs and expositions.Until he died, hebegged the government to keep its promise to send him and his people to areservation in their homeland in Arizona."©While the mainstream ideal championed self-suH"ciency and individual-ism, women like Jane Addams were involving government in the preventionof child labor, the spread of disease, and, eventually, in advocating for therights of laborers in order to prevent the neglect of children by overworkedparents.The apparent power of business interests to control government andprevent the reforms that would protect the ideal family added fuel to women sargument that their su"rage would protect the individualist vision and ex-pand it to increasing numbers of Americans. We have stood for that whichwas known to be right in theory, and for that which has proved to be right inpractice, Julia Ward Howe reflected in a speech at the Massachusetts StateHouse in 1895.Su"ragists increasingly advanced their cause by contrastingthe purity of middle-class women s votes to the apparently corrupt votesof immigrants and black men.Even as state constitutions restricted votingby black men and white immigrants and disa"ected laborers, support formiddle-class female voting grew."`"The government also had to protect individualism by protecting the Westitself, it seemed.In 1896, John Muir was happy to report that federally e"`"" 1893 1897controlled land in Yosemite had been returned to its natural beauty, butwarning that state-controlled land was still a mess, he called for strongerfederal control of western lands [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]
zanotowane.pl doc.pisz.pl pdf.pisz.pl matkasanepid.xlx.pl
.Washington, public champion of a tradi-tional approach to economic success through self-help.He was the first blackman to be so honored, and Harvard s action was widely praised.Washingtonwas unlikely to be turned away from a hotel under the Jim Crow laws; instead,his stays in prominent urban hotels made the society columns of major news-papers.His e"orts to educate African Americans into prosperity drew thesupport of Americans from Julia Ward Howe, who o"ered her speakingservices to raise money for Tuskegee, to Andrew Carnegie, who provided$20,000 for a Tuskegee Library.""Unwelcome in the nation were those who seemed to reject the middle-class worldview and to want government support without having to work.Mainstream Americans had come to believe that African Americans whoinsisted on voting and civil rights had been pushed forward by demagogicpoliticians much too fast.Rather than slowly working their way up to propertyownership and the corresponding interest it would give them in proper gov-ernment, it seemed to opponents that they had been given government powerbefore they understood that property must be protected for the Americansystem to work.In 1896, planter s daughter Elizabeth Allston Pringle re-purchased her family s antebellum plantation home, sold immediately afterthe war to pay debts, and began a dual career as a rice planter and a writer.Unable to see the systematic economic advantages that permitted her to re-possess her plantation while those actually working it remained landless,Pringle wrote columns for the New York Sun under the pen name Pa-tience Pennington, painting a racist picture of lazy, conniving, and stupidblack workers whose childishness she patiently tolerated.In Harper s Weekly, asouthern woman denigrated African Americans desire for education by as-serting that in Atlanta 600 African American children who had tried to enterpublic schools were homeless, abandoned by their parents an outrageousclaim, even on the face of it. What the negroes need is not education, notvoting privileges, she wrote, but father, mothers, homes. Blaming those who thought they were working for the good of the negroes, she insistedthat the way to make them good citizens is to encourage them to buy homesand farms.Let them become tax-payers as well as voters.Representationwithout taxation is worse than taxation without representation. "ÀIn 1896, the Supreme Court handed down a decision of great historicalimport, although it was barely noted at the time.On May 19, 1896, the middleof the page-three court column in the New York Times read: Homer AdolphPlessy vs.J.H.Ferguson, Judge, &c. In error to the Supreme Court of The Final Contest e"`"e"Louisiana.Judgement aH"rmed, with costs. This was all the newspaper hadto say about the Plessy v.Ferguson decision declaring legal the policy of separate but equal accommodations that segregated the South until the latetwentieth century.The Supreme Court had blessed the idea that hardwork-ing Americans must be protected from those who might insist on governmentprotection for rights they had not earned.The reality of this construction ofAmerican ideals, though, belied its rationale.Under the separate but equaldoctrine, Pringle, who had never hoed a day, could visit hotels o" limits tothose who actually worked her fields.And, by its very definition, the patternwas unassailable.The act of agitating for civil rights indicated a person wasunworthy of them, making it impossible to challenge increasing segregationand discrimination."+"This same pattern was true for Indians.Well known and respected, hon-ored with a visit by British Ambassador Lord Bryce, Quanah was friends withCharles Goodnight and within years would be hosting a wolf hunt for Theo-dore Roosevelt.Things were not so comfortable for Geronimo, who had beenforced onto the white man s road. After keeping him imprisoned at hardlabor for eight years, the War Department gave him special permission in1894 to sell photographs of himself at fairs and expositions.Until he died, hebegged the government to keep its promise to send him and his people to areservation in their homeland in Arizona."©While the mainstream ideal championed self-suH"ciency and individual-ism, women like Jane Addams were involving government in the preventionof child labor, the spread of disease, and, eventually, in advocating for therights of laborers in order to prevent the neglect of children by overworkedparents.The apparent power of business interests to control government andprevent the reforms that would protect the ideal family added fuel to women sargument that their su"rage would protect the individualist vision and ex-pand it to increasing numbers of Americans. We have stood for that whichwas known to be right in theory, and for that which has proved to be right inpractice, Julia Ward Howe reflected in a speech at the Massachusetts StateHouse in 1895.Su"ragists increasingly advanced their cause by contrastingthe purity of middle-class women s votes to the apparently corrupt votesof immigrants and black men.Even as state constitutions restricted votingby black men and white immigrants and disa"ected laborers, support formiddle-class female voting grew."`"The government also had to protect individualism by protecting the Westitself, it seemed.In 1896, John Muir was happy to report that federally e"`"" 1893 1897controlled land in Yosemite had been returned to its natural beauty, butwarning that state-controlled land was still a mess, he called for strongerfederal control of western lands [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]