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.When these NDEs are presented they areparaphrased, for ethical reasons.All paraphrasedNDEs in this book are introduced as paraphrasedaccounts.All paraphrased NDEs are posted on theNDERF website in their original form.Chapter 3: Proof #1: Lucid Death1.Following a cardiac arrest, EEG changes consistentwith decreased blood flow to the brain are seen inabout six seconds.The EEG flatlines in ten to twentyseconds.See J.W.DeVries, P.F.A.Bakker, G.H.Visser, J.C.Diephuis, and A.C.van Huffelen, Changes in Cerebral Oxygen Uptake and CerebralElectrical Activity During Defibrillation ThresholdTesting, Anesthesiology and Analgesia 87 (1998):16 20.2.Near-death experiences associated with cardiacarrest have been reported in dozens of previouslypublished studies.Over one hundred NDEs occurringduring cardiac arrest have been reported in these fivestudies alone: M.Sabom, Recollections of Death: AMedical Investigation (New York: Simon & Schuster,1982); P.van Lommel, R.van Wees, V.Meyers, andI.Elfferich, Near-Death Experience in Survivors ofCardiac Arrest: A Prospective Study in theNetherlands, Lancet 358 (2001): 2039 45; S. Parnia, D.G.Waller, R.Yeates, and P.Fenwick, AQualitative and Quantitative Study of the Incidence,Features and Aetiology of Near Death Experiencesin Cardiac Arrest Survivors, Resuscitation 48(2001): 149 56; J.Schwaninger, P.R.Eisenberg, K.B.Schechtman, and A.N.Weiss, A ProspectiveAnalysis of Near-Death Experiences in CardiacArrest Patients, Journal of Near-Death Studies 20(2002): 215 32; B.Greyson, Incidence andCorrelates of Near-Death Experiences in a CardiacCare Unit, General Hospital Psychiatry 25 (2003):269 76.3.B.Greyson, E.W.Kelly, and E.F.Kelly, ExplanatoryModels for Near-Death Experiences, in TheHandbook of Near-Death Experiences: Thirty Yearsof Investigation, ed.J.Holden, B.Greyson, and D.James (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2009),229.4.Prior NDE studies consistently describe enhancedmental functioning during the experience.Here aretwo illustrative studies: J.E.Owens, E.W.Cook, andI.Stevenson, Features of Near-Death Experience inRelation to Whether or Not Patients Were NearDeath, Lancet 336 (1990): 1175 77; E.W.Kelly, B.Greyson, and E.F.Kelly, Unusual Experiences NearDeath and Related Phenomena, in Irreducible Mind:Toward a Psychology for the 21st Century, by E.F.Kelly, E.W.Kelly, A.Crabtree, A.Gauld, M.Grosso,and B.Greyson (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield,2007), 367 421, quote on 386.5.J.Long and J.Long, A Comparison of NDEsOccurring Before and After 1975: Results from aWeb Survey of Near Death Experiencers, Journal ofNear-Death Studies 22, no.1 (2003): 21 32. 6.G.K.Athappilly, B.Greyson, and I.Stevenson, DoPrevailing Societal Models Influence Reports of Near-Death Experiences? A Comparison of AccountsReported Before and After 1975, Journal ofNervous and Mental Disease 194 (2006): 218.Chapter 4: Proof #2: Out of Body1.M.Sabom, Recollections of Death: A MedicalInvestigation (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982).2.P.Sartori, A Prospective Study of NDEs in anIntensive Therapy Unit, Christian Parapsychologist16, no.2 (2004): 34 40.Results of this study werelater presented in further detail: P.Sartori, The Near-Death Experiences of Hospitalized Intensive CarePatients: A Five Year Clinical Study (Lewiston, NY:Edwin Mellen Press, 2008).3.J.Holden, Veridical Perception in Near-DeathExperiences, in The Handbook of Near-DeathExperiences: Thirty Years of Investigation, ed.J.Holden, B.Greyson, and D.James (Westport, CT:Praeger Publishers, 2009).4.K.Clark, Clinical Interventions with Near-DeathExperiencers, in The Near-Death Experience:Problems, Prospects, Perspectives, ed.B.Greysonand C.P.Flynn (Springfield, IL: Charles C.Thomas,1984), 242 55.5.K.Augustine, Does Paranormal Perception Occur inNear-Death Experiences? Journal of Near-DeathStudies 25, no.4 (2007): 203 36; Sharp, K.C. TheOther Shoe Drops: Commentary on DoesParanormal Perception Occur in Near-DeathExperiences? Journal of Near-Death Studies 25,no.4 (2007): 245 50. 6.P.van Lommel, R.van Wees, V.Meyers, and I.Elfferich, Near-Death Experience in Survivors ofCardiac Arrest: A Prospective Study in theNetherlands, Lancet 358 (2001): 2039 45.7.For more information on the AWARE study, seeUniversity of Southampton Media Centre, World sLargest Ever Study of Near-Death Experiences, http://www.soton.ac.uk/mediacentre/news/2008/sep/08_165.shtml.8.People experiencing cardiac arrest are usuallyamnesic or confused regarding events occurringimmediately prior to or after the cardiac arrest [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
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.When these NDEs are presented they areparaphrased, for ethical reasons.All paraphrasedNDEs in this book are introduced as paraphrasedaccounts.All paraphrased NDEs are posted on theNDERF website in their original form.Chapter 3: Proof #1: Lucid Death1.Following a cardiac arrest, EEG changes consistentwith decreased blood flow to the brain are seen inabout six seconds.The EEG flatlines in ten to twentyseconds.See J.W.DeVries, P.F.A.Bakker, G.H.Visser, J.C.Diephuis, and A.C.van Huffelen, Changes in Cerebral Oxygen Uptake and CerebralElectrical Activity During Defibrillation ThresholdTesting, Anesthesiology and Analgesia 87 (1998):16 20.2.Near-death experiences associated with cardiacarrest have been reported in dozens of previouslypublished studies.Over one hundred NDEs occurringduring cardiac arrest have been reported in these fivestudies alone: M.Sabom, Recollections of Death: AMedical Investigation (New York: Simon & Schuster,1982); P.van Lommel, R.van Wees, V.Meyers, andI.Elfferich, Near-Death Experience in Survivors ofCardiac Arrest: A Prospective Study in theNetherlands, Lancet 358 (2001): 2039 45; S. Parnia, D.G.Waller, R.Yeates, and P.Fenwick, AQualitative and Quantitative Study of the Incidence,Features and Aetiology of Near Death Experiencesin Cardiac Arrest Survivors, Resuscitation 48(2001): 149 56; J.Schwaninger, P.R.Eisenberg, K.B.Schechtman, and A.N.Weiss, A ProspectiveAnalysis of Near-Death Experiences in CardiacArrest Patients, Journal of Near-Death Studies 20(2002): 215 32; B.Greyson, Incidence andCorrelates of Near-Death Experiences in a CardiacCare Unit, General Hospital Psychiatry 25 (2003):269 76.3.B.Greyson, E.W.Kelly, and E.F.Kelly, ExplanatoryModels for Near-Death Experiences, in TheHandbook of Near-Death Experiences: Thirty Yearsof Investigation, ed.J.Holden, B.Greyson, and D.James (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2009),229.4.Prior NDE studies consistently describe enhancedmental functioning during the experience.Here aretwo illustrative studies: J.E.Owens, E.W.Cook, andI.Stevenson, Features of Near-Death Experience inRelation to Whether or Not Patients Were NearDeath, Lancet 336 (1990): 1175 77; E.W.Kelly, B.Greyson, and E.F.Kelly, Unusual Experiences NearDeath and Related Phenomena, in Irreducible Mind:Toward a Psychology for the 21st Century, by E.F.Kelly, E.W.Kelly, A.Crabtree, A.Gauld, M.Grosso,and B.Greyson (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield,2007), 367 421, quote on 386.5.J.Long and J.Long, A Comparison of NDEsOccurring Before and After 1975: Results from aWeb Survey of Near Death Experiencers, Journal ofNear-Death Studies 22, no.1 (2003): 21 32. 6.G.K.Athappilly, B.Greyson, and I.Stevenson, DoPrevailing Societal Models Influence Reports of Near-Death Experiences? A Comparison of AccountsReported Before and After 1975, Journal ofNervous and Mental Disease 194 (2006): 218.Chapter 4: Proof #2: Out of Body1.M.Sabom, Recollections of Death: A MedicalInvestigation (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982).2.P.Sartori, A Prospective Study of NDEs in anIntensive Therapy Unit, Christian Parapsychologist16, no.2 (2004): 34 40.Results of this study werelater presented in further detail: P.Sartori, The Near-Death Experiences of Hospitalized Intensive CarePatients: A Five Year Clinical Study (Lewiston, NY:Edwin Mellen Press, 2008).3.J.Holden, Veridical Perception in Near-DeathExperiences, in The Handbook of Near-DeathExperiences: Thirty Years of Investigation, ed.J.Holden, B.Greyson, and D.James (Westport, CT:Praeger Publishers, 2009).4.K.Clark, Clinical Interventions with Near-DeathExperiencers, in The Near-Death Experience:Problems, Prospects, Perspectives, ed.B.Greysonand C.P.Flynn (Springfield, IL: Charles C.Thomas,1984), 242 55.5.K.Augustine, Does Paranormal Perception Occur inNear-Death Experiences? Journal of Near-DeathStudies 25, no.4 (2007): 203 36; Sharp, K.C. TheOther Shoe Drops: Commentary on DoesParanormal Perception Occur in Near-DeathExperiences? Journal of Near-Death Studies 25,no.4 (2007): 245 50. 6.P.van Lommel, R.van Wees, V.Meyers, and I.Elfferich, Near-Death Experience in Survivors ofCardiac Arrest: A Prospective Study in theNetherlands, Lancet 358 (2001): 2039 45.7.For more information on the AWARE study, seeUniversity of Southampton Media Centre, World sLargest Ever Study of Near-Death Experiences, http://www.soton.ac.uk/mediacentre/news/2008/sep/08_165.shtml.8.People experiencing cardiac arrest are usuallyamnesic or confused regarding events occurringimmediately prior to or after the cardiac arrest [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]