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.However, it is very difficult to gain control of all thedifferent methods of communication.There are literallythousands of bits of information exchanged betweenhuman beings within moments.Our society programmes120 POSITIONS, POINTS AND POSTURESus to handle these many bits of data, but on an uncon-scious level.If we bring them up to our consciousnesswe run the risk of mishandling them.If we have to thinkof what we are doing, it often becomes much more diffi-cult to do it.An aware mind is not necessarily as effectiveas an unaware one.In spite of this psychiatrists continue to study allaspects of body communication.Dr Scheflen has beenparticularly interested in the significance of posture incommunication systems.In an article in the journalPsychiatry he notes that the way people hold their bodiestells us a great deal about what is going on when two ormore people get together.'There are no more than about thirty traditionalAmerican gestures,' Dr Scheflen writes and adds thatthere are even fewer body postures which carry anysignificance in communication, and that each of theseoccurs in a limited number of situations.To make hispoint, he notes that a posture such as sitting back in achair is one rarely taken by a salesman who is trying tosell something to a more influential client.While everyone in America is familiar with all of thedifferent postures Americans may take, this doesn't meanthat everyone uses all of them.A nineteen-year-oldcollege student from New York will use differentpostures than a Midwestern housewife, and a constructionworker in the state of Washington will use differentpostures than a salesman in Chicago.Dr Scheflen believesthat a real expert in body language could tell just whatpart of the country a man came from by the way he movedhis brow when he talked.Such an expert, however, hasnot yet been developed.We are all aware of this regional difference in bodylanguage when we watch a talented mime.By specific121 BODY LANGUAGEgestures the mime can tell us not only what part of theworld his character comes from, but also what he does fora living.When I was a college student in the days whenfootball players were college heroes, many of the non-athletic boys at school would imitate the football-playerwalk realistically enough to arouse the girls' interest.The Movement and the MessageDr Birdwhistell, in his work in kinesics, has tried to pin-point just what gesture indicates what message.One ofthe things he has uncovered is that every Americanspeaker moves his head a number of times during aconversation.If you film a typical conversation betweentwo Americans and then slow down the film to study theelements of posture in slow motion you will notice ahead movement when an answer is expected.The headmovement at the end of each statement is a signal to theother speaker to start his answer.This is one of the ways in which we guide our spokenconversations.It enables a back-and-forth exchangewithout the necessity of saying, 'Are you finished?Now I'll talk.'Of course, the signals for other regions of the worldwill be different.In theory it would follow that watchingtwo people talk would give a good clue to their nation-ality.In our language, a change in pitch at the end of a sen-tence can mean a number of things.If there is a rise inpitch, the speaker is asking a question.Ask, ' What timeis it?' and notice how your voice goes up on 'it'.'Howare you?' Up on 'you'.'Do you like your new job?'Up on ' job'.122 POSITIONS, POINTS AND POSTURESThis is a linguistic marker.Dr Birdwhistell has discov-ered a number of kinesic markers that supplement the lin-guistic markers.Watch a man's head when he asks aquestion.'What time is it?' His head comes up on 'it'.'Where are you going?' His head comes up on the 'ing'in going.Like the voice, the head moves up at the end ofa question.This upward movement at the end of a question is notlimited to the voice and head.The hand, too, tends tomove up with the rise in pitch.The seemingly meaning-less hand gestures in which we all indulge as we talk aretied in to pitch and meaning [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
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.However, it is very difficult to gain control of all thedifferent methods of communication.There are literallythousands of bits of information exchanged betweenhuman beings within moments.Our society programmes120 POSITIONS, POINTS AND POSTURESus to handle these many bits of data, but on an uncon-scious level.If we bring them up to our consciousnesswe run the risk of mishandling them.If we have to thinkof what we are doing, it often becomes much more diffi-cult to do it.An aware mind is not necessarily as effectiveas an unaware one.In spite of this psychiatrists continue to study allaspects of body communication.Dr Scheflen has beenparticularly interested in the significance of posture incommunication systems.In an article in the journalPsychiatry he notes that the way people hold their bodiestells us a great deal about what is going on when two ormore people get together.'There are no more than about thirty traditionalAmerican gestures,' Dr Scheflen writes and adds thatthere are even fewer body postures which carry anysignificance in communication, and that each of theseoccurs in a limited number of situations.To make hispoint, he notes that a posture such as sitting back in achair is one rarely taken by a salesman who is trying tosell something to a more influential client.While everyone in America is familiar with all of thedifferent postures Americans may take, this doesn't meanthat everyone uses all of them.A nineteen-year-oldcollege student from New York will use differentpostures than a Midwestern housewife, and a constructionworker in the state of Washington will use differentpostures than a salesman in Chicago.Dr Scheflen believesthat a real expert in body language could tell just whatpart of the country a man came from by the way he movedhis brow when he talked.Such an expert, however, hasnot yet been developed.We are all aware of this regional difference in bodylanguage when we watch a talented mime.By specific121 BODY LANGUAGEgestures the mime can tell us not only what part of theworld his character comes from, but also what he does fora living.When I was a college student in the days whenfootball players were college heroes, many of the non-athletic boys at school would imitate the football-playerwalk realistically enough to arouse the girls' interest.The Movement and the MessageDr Birdwhistell, in his work in kinesics, has tried to pin-point just what gesture indicates what message.One ofthe things he has uncovered is that every Americanspeaker moves his head a number of times during aconversation.If you film a typical conversation betweentwo Americans and then slow down the film to study theelements of posture in slow motion you will notice ahead movement when an answer is expected.The headmovement at the end of each statement is a signal to theother speaker to start his answer.This is one of the ways in which we guide our spokenconversations.It enables a back-and-forth exchangewithout the necessity of saying, 'Are you finished?Now I'll talk.'Of course, the signals for other regions of the worldwill be different.In theory it would follow that watchingtwo people talk would give a good clue to their nation-ality.In our language, a change in pitch at the end of a sen-tence can mean a number of things.If there is a rise inpitch, the speaker is asking a question.Ask, ' What timeis it?' and notice how your voice goes up on 'it'.'Howare you?' Up on 'you'.'Do you like your new job?'Up on ' job'.122 POSITIONS, POINTS AND POSTURESThis is a linguistic marker.Dr Birdwhistell has discov-ered a number of kinesic markers that supplement the lin-guistic markers.Watch a man's head when he asks aquestion.'What time is it?' His head comes up on 'it'.'Where are you going?' His head comes up on the 'ing'in going.Like the voice, the head moves up at the end ofa question.This upward movement at the end of a question is notlimited to the voice and head.The hand, too, tends tomove up with the rise in pitch.The seemingly meaning-less hand gestures in which we all indulge as we talk aretied in to pitch and meaning [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]