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.DesbSuf thought it necessary to declare that allraces, civilizations and nations were equal, and that Europeans wouldcontribute in a spirit of equality to the evolution of all of them.Headvocated a clear-cut break with colonialism.4ConclusionThe European post-war discourse merged traditional patterns of colo-nial and sometimes imperialist thinking with the concept of Europe asa third force between the US and the Soviet Union.Walter Hallstein,the first President of the Commission of the EEC, repeated as often aspossible that the Community should play an eminent role in the world,and that it had to accomplish a mission with regard to developing coun-tries.The Commissioner Hans von der Groeben (1958 70) called thisEurope s destiny.In 1964, Hallstein explained what the world and man-kind owed to Europe.Europe had contributed to making the world morenoble and more human, thanks to its philosophy, its sciences, its poetryand fine arts, its technical knowledge, its political philosophy and prac-tice, its values such as liberty, human dignity, individual responsibility,and the right to national self-determination.He presented the EEC as auniversal model for a coming international order.Hallstein alleged allthis because he was listing good reasons for European unity (Rochard2003).In Europe s relations with the rest of the world, Europe s culturaland moral superiority is a leitmotif in Europe s discourse on Europeanunity and European identity.Hallstein s discourse was that of theEnlightenment.To put it another way, he went beyond imperialism, butnot beyond the Enlightenment s deep conviction that European civili-zation was superior, and the most developed in the world.The turning point in this discourse was represented by the Declarationon European Identity , issued by the Conference of Heads of State orGovernment held in Copenhagen on 14 December 1973.As far the ninemember states were concerned, decolonization had been accomplished,at least on a formal and legal level, notwithstanding the cases of theBritish Commonwealth (Rhodesia became independent in 1980, Belizein 1981, and various Caribbean isles and states) and the special status 200 Wolfgang Schmaleof Greenland (which became autonomous in 1985).The declarationstated that the Nine member countries of the European Communitieshave decided [.] to define the European Identity. It was further stipu-lated that defining European Identity involves [.] assessing the extentto which the Nine are already acting together in relation to the restof the world and the responsibilities which result from this. Thirteenof the twenty-two paragraphs by which European identity is definedare devoted to the EEC s relations with the rest of the world.Now thekey phrases are international obligations , contribute to ensuring thatinternational relations have a more just basis , share prosperity equita-bly , promote harmonious and constructive relations with third coun-tries , long-standing links , historic links , fruitful co-operation , andthe like (Kreis 2009).This 1973 document can be seen as one of self-reflexivity regard-ing the relationship between European unity, European unification,European identity and the global context.Self-reflexivity, in this con-text, meant that the EC had drawn the necessary consequences fromWorld War II; it meant the definition of new coordinates for Europeanidentity and the part played in European identity by the former colo-nial world.Notes1.Archives of the European Union, Florence, UEF 100/1, twelve typewrittenpages, here p.1.2.Archives of the EU, Florence, UEF 104/2: Réception à l Hôtel de Ville du VeCongrès de l Union Européenne des Fédéralistes le Vendredi 21 Janvier 1955,à 17 heures 45, Discours de M.Bernard Lafay, Président du Conseil Municipal,three typewritten pages, here p.2.3.Archives of the EU, Florence, UEF 170, report Vittorelli: UEF 170/3 (in French,thirty-four typewritten pages).Cited hereafter as Vitorelli 1954.4.Archives of the EU, Florence, UEF 170/3, Projet présenté par GermainDESBOEUF , two typewritten pages.ReferencesBecker, J.-J.1986.L opinion de gauche française et les débuts de l Europe [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]
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.DesbSuf thought it necessary to declare that allraces, civilizations and nations were equal, and that Europeans wouldcontribute in a spirit of equality to the evolution of all of them.Headvocated a clear-cut break with colonialism.4ConclusionThe European post-war discourse merged traditional patterns of colo-nial and sometimes imperialist thinking with the concept of Europe asa third force between the US and the Soviet Union.Walter Hallstein,the first President of the Commission of the EEC, repeated as often aspossible that the Community should play an eminent role in the world,and that it had to accomplish a mission with regard to developing coun-tries.The Commissioner Hans von der Groeben (1958 70) called thisEurope s destiny.In 1964, Hallstein explained what the world and man-kind owed to Europe.Europe had contributed to making the world morenoble and more human, thanks to its philosophy, its sciences, its poetryand fine arts, its technical knowledge, its political philosophy and prac-tice, its values such as liberty, human dignity, individual responsibility,and the right to national self-determination.He presented the EEC as auniversal model for a coming international order.Hallstein alleged allthis because he was listing good reasons for European unity (Rochard2003).In Europe s relations with the rest of the world, Europe s culturaland moral superiority is a leitmotif in Europe s discourse on Europeanunity and European identity.Hallstein s discourse was that of theEnlightenment.To put it another way, he went beyond imperialism, butnot beyond the Enlightenment s deep conviction that European civili-zation was superior, and the most developed in the world.The turning point in this discourse was represented by the Declarationon European Identity , issued by the Conference of Heads of State orGovernment held in Copenhagen on 14 December 1973.As far the ninemember states were concerned, decolonization had been accomplished,at least on a formal and legal level, notwithstanding the cases of theBritish Commonwealth (Rhodesia became independent in 1980, Belizein 1981, and various Caribbean isles and states) and the special status 200 Wolfgang Schmaleof Greenland (which became autonomous in 1985).The declarationstated that the Nine member countries of the European Communitieshave decided [.] to define the European Identity. It was further stipu-lated that defining European Identity involves [.] assessing the extentto which the Nine are already acting together in relation to the restof the world and the responsibilities which result from this. Thirteenof the twenty-two paragraphs by which European identity is definedare devoted to the EEC s relations with the rest of the world.Now thekey phrases are international obligations , contribute to ensuring thatinternational relations have a more just basis , share prosperity equita-bly , promote harmonious and constructive relations with third coun-tries , long-standing links , historic links , fruitful co-operation , andthe like (Kreis 2009).This 1973 document can be seen as one of self-reflexivity regard-ing the relationship between European unity, European unification,European identity and the global context.Self-reflexivity, in this con-text, meant that the EC had drawn the necessary consequences fromWorld War II; it meant the definition of new coordinates for Europeanidentity and the part played in European identity by the former colo-nial world.Notes1.Archives of the European Union, Florence, UEF 100/1, twelve typewrittenpages, here p.1.2.Archives of the EU, Florence, UEF 104/2: Réception à l Hôtel de Ville du VeCongrès de l Union Européenne des Fédéralistes le Vendredi 21 Janvier 1955,à 17 heures 45, Discours de M.Bernard Lafay, Président du Conseil Municipal,three typewritten pages, here p.2.3.Archives of the EU, Florence, UEF 170, report Vittorelli: UEF 170/3 (in French,thirty-four typewritten pages).Cited hereafter as Vitorelli 1954.4.Archives of the EU, Florence, UEF 170/3, Projet présenté par GermainDESBOEUF , two typewritten pages.ReferencesBecker, J.-J.1986.L opinion de gauche française et les débuts de l Europe [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]